Vulture Mountains, Wickenburg, Arizona

Introduction

Despite over a 100 years of mining and ranching, this Upland Sonoran Desert area remains beautiful and alive with many wondrous desert plants and animals. The volcanic rocks are colorful and offer many curious-looking hills and peaks.

Head west out of Wickenburg, AZ, on US-60 heading to Los Angeles. Take Vulture Mine Road southbound at the Safeway store. The road maintained by Maricopa County is smooth and freshly paved. Some 8 miles south there is a BLM parking area and trailhead on the east side of the highway. (Notice: Do not turn on Vulture Peak road - the trailhead is about a mile further down the road.) A four wheel drive road will get you a mile closer to the peak ... but you will be missing some nice desert habitat to walk through. Be sure to sign either the upper and lower trail registers. I think it helps to let the BLM know the area is important to hikers and tourists. The view from the peak is well worth the effort.

From the trailhead, the trail heads east and soon crosses a desert wash with an unusual name: "Syndicate Wash". Be sure to catch the trail on the opposite bank marked by cairnes. After the first kilometer the incline steepens and there is an abundance of loose stones and gravel. A good walking stick could help. For most people the pass is a good destination. The final few hundred meters to the summit is not maintained and requires agile climbing.

© Mike Plagens taken Oct. 5, 2002

With dusk the setting sun casts an orange-red glow on an already reddish mountain. A composition of 25-million-year-old volcanic tuff, brecca and rhyolite, that is soft and easily eroded, has helped sculpt the steep cliffs and rugged cuts. The rock is fairly water-permeable allowing a wide variety of plants to make good use of often scarce rainfall.

© Mike Plagens taken Oct. 5, 2002

There are interpretive signs and a covered seating area. Rough camping areas abound along the many jeep roads nearby.

Google Map of Surrounding Areas


View Larger Map
Sponsored Links

Get Topozone Map

Oct. 6, 2002

Rains across the Sonoran Desert in late August and early September were very spotty ... and this area was lucky as evidenced by leafy ocotillos and an abundance of wildflowers! Over 30 species were found, most typically fall species, but a few that are typically spring flowers were found in bloom. See list at bottom of the page.

Thousands of 3 cm long silken tents were in every foothill palo verde. These were made by caterpillars of a gelechiid moth (Bryotropha ineaqualis). The caterpillars feast on the tiny palo verde leaves before the plant would shed them anyway in a few weeks. Because the trees will shed these leaves soon, the tree does not protect them with phytochemicals, that is, the leaves are easy for the caterpillars to digest. No harm is done to the trees.

At the trailhead gazebo and along the fences there are a number of widow spider webs (Latrodectus sp). The glistening silk webs extend obout 1/2 meter above the ground to some very secure hiding spot created by a crevice or opening. These man-made hideouts are necessary for the spiders to escape their own predators and parasites and thus the spiders are most numerous near these structures. Naturally, such secure cavities are rare and limit the spiders' abundance. The webs are especially designed to catch insects that crawl along the ground; a gentle pull on one of these strands will demonstrate the strong, tough silk characteristic of widow spiders.

©  Gelechiid Moths of Finland

The moth responsible for the silken tents in the palo verde trees is similar to this one that is found in Finland.


Birds

This bird list, with the more common species listed first, is very typical of the Sonoran Desert:

  1. Rock Wren -- Salpinctes obsoletus -- S,F,W,Sp
  2. Verdin -- Auriparus flaviceps -- S,F,W,Sp Tiny birds, barely larger than a hummingbird. Gray/brown with a majestic yellow head.
  3. House Finch -- Carpodacus mexicanus -- S,F,W,Sp Males have conspicuous red on head and upper chest
  4. Black-tailed Gnatcatcher -- Polioptila melanura -- S,F,W,Spso tiny and so animated!
  5. Cactus Wren -- Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus -- S,F,W,Sp
  6. White-winged Dove -- Sp,S
  7. Common Poorwill -- S,F,Sp
  8. Great-horned Owl -- S,F,W,Sp
  9. Turkey Vulture -- S,F,Sp
  10. Gila Woodpecker -- Melanerpes uropygialis -- S,F,W,Sp
  11. Phainopepla -- Phainopepla nitens -- S,F,W,Sp
  12. Black-throated Sparrow -- Amphispiza bilineata -- S,F,W,Sp
  13. Gambel's Quail -- Callipepla gambelii -- S,F,W,Sp
  14. White-crowned Sparrow -- Zonotrichia leucophrys -- W,Sp
  15. Curve-billed Thrasher -- Toxostoma curvirostre -- S,F,W,Sp
  16. Ladder-backed Woodpecker -- S,F,W,Sp
  17. Scrub Jay -- F,W,Sp
  18. Canyon Towhee -- Pipilo fuscus -- S,F,W,Sp
  19. Common Raven -- Corvus corax -- S,F,W,Sp
©  Rich Ditch  Click for full sized image and photographic information.

This photograph of a Curve-billed Thrasher, Toxostoma curvirostre, was taken by Rich Ditch -- a master of birds and bird photography. You can access the rest of his online work at Birds in Nature.

Sponsored Links

Mammals

  1. Harris' Antelope Squirrel --
  2. Rock Squirrel --

Reptiles

  1. Side-blotched Lizard -- Uta stansburiana --
  2. Lesser Earless Lizard -- Holbrookia maculata --
  3. Zebra-tailed Lizard --
Rock Squirrel photo © Mike Plagens

The rock squirrel is the largest of the Sonoran Desert squirrels. It nest in the ground and rarely climbs trees.


Cacti

In general order of Abundance:

  1. Teddy Bear Cholla (Opuntia bigelovii) --
  2. Buckhorn Cholla (Opuntia acanthocarpa) --
  3. Pancake Prickly Pear -- Opuntia chlorotica --
  4. Saguaro Cactus -- Carnegiea gigantea --
  5. Engelmann Hedgehog Cactus -- Echinocereus engelmannii --
  6. Desert Christmas Cactus -- Cylindropuntia leptocaulis --
  7. Compass Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus acanthodes) -- Spines tinged with red and yellow.
Sponsored Links
Photo © Mike Plagens

Teddybear Cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii), Photographed April 6, 1979.


Partial Plant List

Upper Sonoran Desert Scrub interspersed with Mojavean and Desert Grassland elements:

  • Polypodiaceae        Fern Family
  • Ephedraceae        Ephedra Family
    • Ephedra aspera        Mormon Tea
  • Poaceae        Grass Family
  • Liliaceae        Lily Family
  • Ulmaceae        Elm Family
  • Viscaceae        Mistletoe Family
  • Polygonaceae
    • Chorizanthe brevicornu -- Brittle Spine Flower
    • Eriogonum inflatum        Desert Trumpet
    • Wright's Buckwheat -- Eriogonum wrightii
    • Polygonum pennnsylvanicum        Pinkweed
  • Amaranthaceae
  • Nyctaginaceae        Pink Family
  • Ranunculaceae        Buttercup Family
  • Brassicaceae        Mustard Family
  • Papaveraceae        Poppy Family
  • Mimosaceae
  • Caesalpinioidae
  • Papilionidae
  • Crassulaceae        Stonecrop Family
    • Calandrina ciliata        Red Maids
  • Krameriaceae
    • Krameria grayi        White Ratany
  • Geraniaceae        Geranium Family
    • Fillaree Erodium cicutarium
  • Zygophyllaceae        Caltrop Family
  • Rutaceae        Rue Family
    • Thamnosma montana        Turpentine Broom
  • Malpighiaceae        Malpighia Family
  • Euphorbiaceae
    • Spurges (Chamaesyce - 3 spp.)       
    • Euphorbia eriantha       Desert Poinsettia
    • Lance-leaf Ditaxis -- Argythamnia lanceolata
    Buxaceae        Box Family
    • Jojoba -- Simmondsia chinensis
  • Celastraceae        Bitter Sweet Family
    • Canotia holocantha        Canotia
  • Rhamnaceae        Buck Thorn Family
  • Malvaceae        Mallow Family
  • Cactaceae Cactus Family
    • Cereus giganteus        Saguaro
    • Cylidropuntia leptocaulis        Desert Christmas Cactus
    • Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa        Buckhorn Cholla
    • Cylindropuntia bigelovii        Teddybear Cholla
    • Echinocereus engelmannii        Hedgehog Cactus
    • Ferocactus acanthoides        Compass Barrel
    • Opuntia chlorotica        Pancake Pear
  • Plantaginaceae        Plantain Family
  • Onagraceae        Evening Primrose Family
    • Cammisonia californica        California Sun Drop
  • Fouquieraceae       
  • Oleaceae        Olive Family
  • Asclepiadaceae
  • Convolvulaceae
    • Cuscuta sp        Dodder
  • Labiatae        Mint Family
  • Verbenaceae        Verbena Family
  • Boraginaceae        Borage Family
  • Solanaceae Potato Family
  • Scrophulariaceae        Snapdragon Family
  • Bignoniaceae        Trumpet creeper Family
  • Acanthaceae        Acanthus Family
  • Rubiaceae        Coffee Family
    • Galium stellatum       Shrubby Bedstraw
    • Galium aparine      Cleavers
  • Apiaceae        Carrot Family
  • Asteraceae        Sunflower Family

WILDFLOWER REPORT

October 2002

  1. Climbing Milkweed-
  2. Dessert Senna-
  3. Four O'Clock --
  4. Trailing Four O'Clock-
  5. Desert Marigold -
  6. Golden Eye -
  7. Blackfoot Daisy --
  8. Spurge (several spp) -
  9. Creosote Bush
  10. Chuparosa --
  11. Chinchweed --
  12. Camphorweed --
  13. Jojoba --
  14. Desert Poinsettia --
  15. Janusia --
  16. Sweet Bush --
  17. Brickle Bush --
  18. Fluff Grass --
  19. Big Galeta --
  20. Spurges - 3 spp. --
  21. Spiderling --
  22. Pinkweed --
  23. Bladder Sage --
  24. Lance-leaf Ditaxis --
  25. Wooly Tidestromia --
Photo © Mike Plagens

Chinchweed (Pectis papposa) .
Photographed Oct 6, 2002 at Vulture Peak.


Sonoran Desert Naturalist Home Page

Desert Places

Field Guide


Copyright Michael J. Plagens, 1999-2008