Select Trees, Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants
Arizona's Ponderosa Woodlands

The trees, shrubs, perennial herbs and annuals described in this guide are those that occur in the higher montane regions where Ponderosa Pine is often a dominant plant. The elevations range from 1200 to over 2400 meters. Within this elevation range some areas are dry with thin soils or with a strong south-facing slope and so do not support ponderosa pine. Other areas deep in canyons or in damp meadows support plants that thrive under moister soil conditions. Many of the plants shown here occur also at lower elevations where moisture is concentrated. Still other Arizona lands within this elevation range are fire prone and have either grassland or chaparral vegetation dominant.

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Ponderosa Pine

Ponderosa Pine

Dominate pine of conifer woodlands between 1500m and 2000m elev. Older trees have rich copper-brown bark. Long needles in groups of three (2-5). More ...

Single-Leaf Piñon

Pinyon

A sheath enclosing one leaf in each fascicle. Globose cones with lots of resin and very woody scales. More ...

Limber Pine

Limber Pine

Soft, flexible pine needles in sets of five. Cones are slender and much longer than ponderosa cones. More ...

White Fir

White Fir

The stiff, flattened needles appear singly along the stems and loosely grouped along two sides. The seed cones have a hundred or more scales. More ...

Douglas Fir

Douglas Fir

Soft, less flattened needles, are arrayed singly and relatively evenly around the stem. Old growth trees reach grand proportions. More ...

Pineland Dwarf Mistletoe

Pineland Mistletoe

Bright orange stems growing in clumps from twigs of Ponderosa and other pines. More ...

Pinyon Dwarf Mistletoe

Dwarf Mistletoe

Yellowish stems and twigs growing directly out of living branches of Piñon Pines. Similar species on pines and firs. More ...

Alpine Cancer-root

Alpine Cancer-root

Short, fleshy, chlorophyl-free spikes of white flowers arising from forest floor. More ...

Adiantum

Maidenhair Fern

Look for this fern where more-or-less permanent springs release water from shady cliff faces. More ...

Field Horsetail

Field Horsetail

Herbaceous plant without leaves, flowers or seeds. Stems appear jointed and at each joint and there's a whorl of finer lateral stems. More ...

gambel's oak

Gambel's Oak

Medium to large tree. Light green, deciduous leaves with several prominent, rounded lobes. Acorns. Bark fissured and scaly. More ...

Box Elder leaf

Box Elder

Medium to large-sized tree. Leaves are compound with 3 to 7 segments. Seeds with papery wings like other maples. More ...

skunkbush

Skunkbush Sumac

Common deciduous shrub in lower elevations of ponderosa. Leaves scented and 3-lobed. Red berries follow cream flowers. More ...

New Mexico Locust

New Mexico Locust

Small trees often forming thickets with sharp thorns. Leaves pinnately compound. Clusters of very showy, pink pea-flowers. More ...

Oak Creek Triteleia

Triteleia

Low herb with grass-like leaves and clusters of bright yellow, six-­pointed flowers. More ...

Common Mullein

Common Mullein

Large, elliptical, mostly basal leaves are covered with thick, silky pubescence. Yellow flowers on tall spikes. More ...

Yellow Wood-Sorrel

Yellow Wood-Sorrel

Herbaceous, low-growing perennial with 3-part leaves and 5 petals/flower. Shady ravines. Blooms spring into fall. More ...

Yellow Flax

Yellow Flax

Small flowers on slender stems with five free petals. Sphaerical capsules. Annual herb. More ...

Many-flowered Puccoon

Many-flowered
Stoneseed

Leaves are linear and rough to the touch. One to four nutlets per flower. More ...

Flannel Bush

Flannel Bush

Uncommon shrub with 5-petaled flowers and deeply lobed, smooth-margined leaves. Numerous stamens. More ...

Rabbitbrush

Yellow Rabbitbrush

Many branched shrub, 1 to 2 m tall and wide. Leaves and stems silvery green. Abundant fluffy seeds after autumn bloom. More ...

paper flower psilostrophe

Greenstem Paperflower

Semi-shrub with bright yellow flowers. Old petals remain and dry to papery and bleached white. More ...

Rag-leaf Bahia

Rag-leaf Bahia

Rays and disc florets yellow. Leaves are divided into blunt-tipped segments. Plants about 1 m tall. More ...

Golden Crownbeard, Verbesina encelioides

Golden
Crownbeard

Yellow daisy-like heads with yellow centers. Herbaceous in dense stands, about 1½meters tall. More ...

Yellow Salsify

Yellow Salsify

Beautiful yellow inflorescence opens in morning and later gives rise to giant 'dandelion' seed head. More ...

Elk-Weed

Common Dandelion

All the leaves are basal. The heads are made up of numerous strap-shaped florets. Seeds with plumose bristles. More ...

Wright's Deer Vetch

Deer Vetch

Herbaceous perennial with bright yellow-orange pea flowers about ½meter tall. More ...

Fernbush

Fernbush

Soft, fern-like leaves and small, white, rose-flowers on shrub. No thorns. More ...

Cliff Rose

Cliff Rose

Medium-sized evergreen shrub. Leaves small w/5-7 lobes. Flowers white with yellow centers. Seeds with long silky tails. More ...

Ashy Silktassel

Himalayan Blackberry

Reddish, spiny brambels with alternate compound, serrated leaves. Pale rose flowers have 5 petals. More ...

Utah Serviceberry

Utah Serviceberry

The flowers are white with 5 long petals. Blue-black fruit. Large shrub with nearly round leaves. More ...

Harlequinbush

Harlequin Bush

Tall slender plants with small pink flowers. Four petals arrayed to one side and eight stamens. Inferior ovary. More ...

Fendler's Ceanothus

Buck-Brush

Mature shrubs often about 2 meters. Clusters of many small white flowers. Branches spiny. Elliptical leaves. More ...

Flat-spined Bur Ragweed

Snow Berry

A medium to large shrub with opposite leaves and conspicuous berries when in fruit. More ...

Celery becoming naturalized

Wild Celery

Clusters of small white flowers arranged in umbels on an aromatic herb. Twin seeds from each flower below petals. More ...

Whorled or Horsetail Milkweed

Horsetail Milkweed

Leaves finely divided into grass-like segments. White, five-pointed flowers in umbels. Flowers attractive to many insects. More ...

white prairie clover

White Prairie Clover

Conical spikes of five-petaled white flowers. Leaves compound with 3 to 5 segments. Glandular. Sharp odor. More ...

Winged Buckwheat

White-flower Prairie Clover

Very similar to previous but leaflets number 6 or more pairs. More ...

Pygmy Bluet

Pygmy Bluet

Diminutive plant that becomes showy when covered by an abundance of white or pale blue, 4-petaled flowers. More ...

Common Yarrow

Common Yarrow

Herbaceous plants about a meter tall with flat-topped panicles of small white flower heads. Leaves pinnately divided. More ...

Fragrant Snakeroot

Fragrant Snakeroot

Perenial herb from a woody base. Clusters of smaller composite heads with disc florets only. Leaves triangular or heart-shaped. More ...

False Solomon's Seal

False Solomon's Seal

Large broad leaves with parallel veins. The small white flowers each have six tepals. More ...

Rabbitbrush

Richardson's Geranium

Herbaceous from perennial roots. Five petals. Leaves with about five lobes. More ...

orange-flower Wallflower, Erysimum capitatum

Sand-dune
Wallflower

Bright orange or yellow flowers with four petals and six stamens on mid to late spring wild-flower. Seeds in long slender pods. More ...

Butterfly Milkweed

Orange Milkweed

Clumps of bright orange flowers often attracting numerous butterflies. Herbaceous from underground root/crown. Milky sap from breaks. More ...

Beard-Lip Penstemon

Beard-Lip Penstemon

Bright red or orange-red tubular flowers with conspicuous hairs in the throat and on the lower lip. Tall, slender, herbaceous. More ...

Arizona Ipomopsis

Scarlet Gilia

Scarlet flowers with long slender tubes, five fused petals and five stamens. Lobes flecked with red. More ...

Mexican Campion

Cardinal Catchfly

Each of the five red to orange petals are divided into several slender lobes. Herbaceous with swollen stem nodes. More ...

Arizona Thistle

Arizona Thistle

Numerous long-tubular florets formed into a head surrounded by spiny bracts. Hummingbirds love it. Seeds with silky hairs. More ...

Claret-Cup Cactus

Claret Cup

Red-flowered clumping cactus found on warm, dry south-facing sites. Several similar species. More ...

Birdbill Dayflower

Birdbill Dayflower

Blue flowers with three petals. Leaves grass-like. Large green spathe subtends the flower. More ...

Bee Balm, Monarda fistulosa,

Bee Balm

Compact clusters of pink, two-lipped flowers on a tall slender stalk. Herbaceous. Leaves opposite, serrate and on square stems. More ...

Wheeler's Thistle

Wheeler's Thistle

Heads of many long tubular pink florets enclosed in a spherical involucre of spiny bracts. More ...

dwarf four o'clock

Dwarf Four O'clock

Pinkish flowers and deltoid leaves on a slightly fleshy herb. More ...

wood sorrel

Alpine Wood Sorrel

Compound leaves with three parts. Five pink or lavender petals. No branching above ground. More ...

Piney Woods Geranium

Piney Woods Geranium

Palmately cleft leaves have strong geranium scent. Fruit consists of 5 long-beaked segments. More ...

Toad-flax Penstemon

Toad-flax Penstemon

Pink snapdragon flowers on low, herbaceous perennials. Leaves are linear and plants often grow in crowded clumps. More ...

Graham's Ticktrefoil

Tick Trefoil

The small bean pods are sticky and break into segments to be stuck on clothing. Tri-foliate leaves. More ...

Cologania Galactia

Longleaf Cologania

Obscure twining herb with long, narrow leaflets. The bright magenta flowers attract attention.More ...

Slender-tube Skyrocket photo by Allan Ostling

Slender-tube Skyrocket

Bright pink flowers with long tube. Herbaceous perennial of ponderosa or fir zone meadows. More ...

Grass-leaf Lettuce

Grass-leaf Lettuce

Biennial. Very narrow leaves on the upper stems and wider leaves at the base. Group of several bluish heads on tall stalk. More ...

Pinewoods Spiderwort

Pinewoods Spiderwort

Grass-like herb with purple flowers. Three widely spreading petals. Moist, shady canyons. More ...

Milkvetch Astragalus

Groundcover Milkvetch

Small purple flowers on herbaceous growth that may form small mats. Small bean pods. More ...

Scurf Pea

Scurfy Pea

Tall slender herbaceous plant with trifoliate leaves and dark purple pea flowers. More ...

Fetid Goosefoot

Fetid Goosefoot

Mostly obscure small herb except for strong odor and a tangle of bright red stems by autumn. More ...

Blue Grama

Brickell-Bush

Several kinds of Brickell Bushes grow in Arizona; a tangle of thin stems and many small flower heads are mostly green or papery. More ...

Narrow-leaf Plantain

Narrow-leaf Plantain

Narrow, grass-like leaves all clustered at ground. Dense spike of green-white flowers on a very long, slender peduncle. More ...

Winged Buckwheat

Winged Buckwheat

Tall spindly herbaceous plant mostly growing in summer with monsoon rains. Conspicuous winged fruits in abundance. More ...

Flat-spined Bur Ragweed

Flatspine Bur Ragweed

Herbaceous annual appears with summer monsoon rains. Pinnately divided leaves. Greenish flowers, but w/ flat, burgandy-colored, spiney burrs. More ...

Ashy Silktassel

Ashy Silktassel

Intricately branched, large shrub with broadly elliptical, smooth-margined, opposite leaves. Leaves have an ashy cast due to minute hairs. More ...

Elk-Weed

Elk Weed

Herb growing as rosette of leaves for several years, then spiking a big, showy spray of greenish-white flowers. More ...

Parry Agave

Parry Agave

Robust succulent with sharp-tipped leaves and giving rise to a tall stalk of yellow flowers. More ...

Common Rush

Common Rush

Thickets of grass-like plants in shallow water or water-logged soil. Flowers green-yellow in numerous, short, head-like spikes. More ...

Blue Grama

Blue Grama

Many kinds of grass grow in Arizona. This one has a lovely inflorescense. More ...

Western Wheatgrass

Common Rush

Perennial rhizomatous grass with blue-green foliage and narrow, wheat-like spikes. About a meter or less tall. More ...

Orchard Grass

Orchard Grass

This one is origninally native to Europe. Fine plant-hairs give a soft look to the clustered spikes. More ...


Arizona Naturalist
Sycamore Canyons
Sycamore/Riparian Woodland Plants
Sonoran Desert Plants


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Copyright Michael J. Plagens, Page created 8 August 2011,
updated 27 Jan. 2017