The trees, shrubs, perennial herbs and annuals described in this guide are those that occur in the higher montane regions where Ponderosa Pine is often a dominant plant. The elevations range from 1200 to over 2400 meters. Within this elevation range some areas are dry with thin soils or with a strong south-facing slope and so do not support ponderosa pine. Other areas deep in canyons or in damp meadows support plants that thrive under moister soil conditions. Many of the plants shown here occur also at lower elevations where moisture is concentrated. Still other Arizona lands within this elevation range are fire prone and have either grassland or chaparral vegetation dominant. |
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Ponderosa PineDominate pine of conifer woodlands between 1500m and 2000m elev. Older trees have rich copper-brown bark. Long needles in groups of three (2-5). More ... |
PinyonA sheath enclosing one leaf in each fascicle. Globose cones with lots of resin and very woody scales. More ... |
Limber PineSoft, flexible pine needles in sets of five. Cones are slender and much longer than ponderosa cones. More ... |
White FirThe stiff, flattened needles appear singly along the stems and loosely grouped along two sides. The seed cones have a hundred or more scales. More ... |
Douglas FirSoft, less flattened needles, are arrayed singly and relatively evenly around the stem. Old growth trees reach grand proportions. More ... |
Pineland MistletoeBright orange stems growing in clumps from twigs of Ponderosa and other pines. More ... |
Dwarf MistletoeYellowish stems and twigs growing directly out of living branches of Piñon Pines. Similar species on pines and firs. More ... |
Alpine Cancer-rootShort, fleshy, chlorophyl-free spikes of white flowers arising from forest floor. More ... |
Maidenhair FernLook for this fern where more-or-less permanent springs release water from shady cliff faces. More ... |
Field HorsetailHerbaceous plant without leaves, flowers or seeds. Stems appear jointed and at each joint and there's a whorl of finer lateral stems. More ... |
Gambel's OakMedium to large tree. Light green, deciduous leaves with several prominent, rounded lobes. Acorns. Bark fissured and scaly. More ... |
Box ElderMedium to large-sized tree. Leaves are compound with 3 to 7 segments. Seeds with papery wings like other maples. More ... |
Skunkbush SumacCommon deciduous shrub in lower elevations of ponderosa. Leaves scented and 3-lobed. Red berries follow cream flowers. More ... |
New Mexico LocustSmall trees often forming thickets with sharp thorns. Leaves pinnately compound. Clusters of very showy, pink pea-flowers. More ... |
TriteleiaLow herb with grass-like leaves and clusters of bright yellow, six-pointed flowers. More ... |
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Common MulleinLarge, elliptical, mostly basal leaves are covered with thick, silky pubescence. Yellow flowers on tall spikes. More ... |
Yellow Wood-SorrelHerbaceous, low-growing perennial with 3-part leaves and 5 petals/flower. Shady ravines. Blooms spring into fall. More ... |
Yellow FlaxSmall flowers on slender stems with five free petals. Sphaerical capsules. Annual herb. More ... |
Many-flowered
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Flannel BushUncommon shrub with 5-petaled flowers and deeply lobed, smooth-margined leaves. Numerous stamens. More ... |
Yellow RabbitbrushMany branched shrub, 1 to 2 m tall and wide. Leaves and stems silvery green. Abundant fluffy seeds after autumn bloom. More ... |
Greenstem PaperflowerSemi-shrub with bright yellow flowers. Old petals remain and dry to papery and bleached white. More ... |
Rag-leaf BahiaRays and disc florets yellow. Leaves are divided into blunt-tipped segments. Plants about 1 m tall. More ... |
Golden
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Yellow SalsifyBeautiful yellow inflorescence opens in morning and later gives rise to giant 'dandelion' seed head. More ... |
Common DandelionAll the leaves are basal. The heads are made up of numerous strap-shaped florets. Seeds with plumose bristles. More ... |
Deer VetchHerbaceous perennial with bright yellow-orange pea flowers about ½meter tall. More ... |
FernbushSoft, fern-like leaves and small, white, rose-flowers on shrub. No thorns. More ... |
Cliff RoseMedium-sized evergreen shrub. Leaves small w/5-7 lobes. Flowers white with yellow centers. Seeds with long silky tails. More ... |
Himalayan BlackberryReddish, spiny brambels with alternate compound, serrated leaves. Pale rose flowers have 5 petals. More ... |
Utah ServiceberryThe flowers are white with 5 long petals. Blue-black fruit. Large shrub with nearly round leaves. More ... |
Harlequin BushTall slender plants with small pink flowers. Four petals arrayed to one side and eight stamens. Inferior ovary. More ... |
Buck-BrushMature shrubs often about 2 meters. Clusters of many small white flowers. Branches spiny. Elliptical leaves. More ... |
Snow BerryA medium to large shrub with opposite leaves and conspicuous berries when in fruit. More ... |
Wild CeleryClusters of small white flowers arranged in umbels on an aromatic herb. Twin seeds from each flower below petals. More ... |
Horsetail MilkweedLeaves finely divided into grass-like segments. White, five-pointed flowers in umbels. Flowers attractive to many insects. More ... |
White Prairie CloverConical spikes of five-petaled white flowers. Leaves compound with 3 to 5 segments. Glandular. Sharp odor. More ... |
White-flower Prairie CloverVery similar to previous but leaflets number 6 or more pairs. More ... |
Pygmy BluetDiminutive plant that becomes showy when covered by an abundance of white or pale blue, 4-petaled flowers. More ... |
Common YarrowHerbaceous plants about a meter tall with flat-topped panicles of small white flower heads. Leaves pinnately divided. More ... |
Fragrant SnakerootPerenial herb from a woody base. Clusters of smaller composite heads with disc florets only. Leaves triangular or heart-shaped. More ... |
False Solomon's SealLarge broad leaves with parallel veins. The small white flowers each have six tepals. More ... |
Richardson's GeraniumHerbaceous from perennial roots. Five petals. Leaves with about five lobes. More ... |
Sand-dune
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Orange MilkweedClumps of bright orange flowers often attracting numerous butterflies. Herbaceous from underground root/crown. Milky sap from breaks. More ... |
Beard-Lip PenstemonBright red or orange-red tubular flowers with conspicuous hairs in the throat and on the lower lip. Tall, slender, herbaceous. More ... |
Scarlet GiliaScarlet flowers with long slender tubes, five fused petals and five stamens. Lobes flecked with red. More ... |
Cardinal CatchflyEach of the five red to orange petals are divided into several slender lobes. Herbaceous with swollen stem nodes. More ... |
Arizona ThistleNumerous long-tubular florets formed into a head surrounded by spiny bracts. Hummingbirds love it. Seeds with silky hairs. More ... |
Claret CupRed-flowered clumping cactus found on warm, dry south-facing sites. Several similar species. More ... |
Birdbill DayflowerBlue flowers with three petals. Leaves grass-like. Large green spathe subtends the flower. More ... |
Bee BalmCompact clusters of pink, two-lipped flowers on a tall slender stalk. Herbaceous. Leaves opposite, serrate and on square stems. More ... |
Wheeler's ThistleHeads of many long tubular pink florets enclosed in a spherical involucre of spiny bracts. More ... |
Dwarf Four O'clockPinkish flowers and deltoid leaves on a slightly fleshy herb. More ... |
Alpine Wood SorrelCompound leaves with three parts. Five pink or lavender petals. No branching above ground. More ... |
Piney Woods GeraniumPalmately cleft leaves have strong geranium scent. Fruit consists of 5 long-beaked segments. More ... |
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Toad-flax PenstemonPink snapdragon flowers on low, herbaceous perennials. Leaves are linear and plants often grow in crowded clumps. More ... |
Tick TrefoilThe small bean pods are sticky and break into segments to be stuck on clothing. Tri-foliate leaves. More ... |
Longleaf CologaniaObscure twining herb with long, narrow leaflets. The bright magenta flowers attract attention.More ... |
Slender-tube SkyrocketBright pink flowers with long tube. Herbaceous perennial of ponderosa or fir zone meadows. More ... |
Grass-leaf LettuceBiennial. Very narrow leaves on the upper stems and wider leaves at the base. Group of several bluish heads on tall stalk. More ... |
Pinewoods SpiderwortGrass-like herb with purple flowers. Three widely spreading petals. Moist, shady canyons. More ... |
Groundcover MilkvetchSmall purple flowers on herbaceous growth that may form small mats. Small bean pods. More ... |
Scurfy PeaTall slender herbaceous plant with trifoliate leaves and dark purple pea flowers. More ... |
Fetid GoosefootMostly obscure small herb except for strong odor and a tangle of bright red stems by autumn. More ... |
Brickell-BushSeveral kinds of Brickell Bushes grow in Arizona; a tangle of thin stems and many small flower heads are mostly green or papery. More ... |
Narrow-leaf PlantainNarrow, grass-like leaves all clustered at ground. Dense spike of green-white flowers on a very long, slender peduncle. More ... |
Winged BuckwheatTall spindly herbaceous plant mostly growing in summer with monsoon rains. Conspicuous winged fruits in abundance. More ... |
Flatspine Bur RagweedHerbaceous annual appears with summer monsoon rains. Pinnately divided leaves. Greenish flowers, but w/ flat, burgandy-colored, spiney burrs. More ... |
Ashy SilktasselIntricately branched, large shrub with broadly elliptical, smooth-margined, opposite leaves. Leaves have an ashy cast due to minute hairs. More ... |
Elk WeedHerb growing as rosette of leaves for several years, then spiking a big, showy spray of greenish-white flowers. More ... |
Parry AgaveRobust succulent with sharp-tipped leaves and giving rise to a tall stalk of yellow flowers. More ... |
Common RushThickets of grass-like plants in shallow water or water-logged soil. Flowers green-yellow in numerous, short, head-like spikes. More ... |
Blue GramaMany kinds of grass grow in Arizona. This one has a lovely inflorescense. More ... |
Common RushPerennial rhizomatous grass with blue-green foliage and narrow, wheat-like spikes. About a meter or less tall. More ... |
Orchard GrassThis one is origninally native to Europe. Fine plant-hairs give a soft look to the clustered spikes. More ... |
Arizona Naturalist
Sycamore Canyons
Sycamore/Riparian Woodland
Plants
Sonoran
Desert Plants